Modal verbs are essential tools in English grammar—they help us express possibility, permission, obligation, and probability. Among the most commonly confused modals are “might” and “may.” At first glance, these two words may seem interchangeable, and in some situations, they can be. But understanding the subtle differences between “might” and “may” can drastically improve your clarity and precision in writing and speaking. Whether you’re learning English as a second language or polishing your grammar for academic or professional use, it’s crucial to know when to use each modal correctly. In this guide to “Might vs May,” you’ll learn the real difference between the two—covering their meanings, usage rules, real-life examples, and even common mistakes to avoid.
We’ve also included an easy-to-follow summary table, detailed explanations, and a practical exercise section so you can test your understanding along the way. Let’s dive into the core of “might vs may” and help you speak with more confidence.
Understanding English modal verbs like “might” and “may” is essential for clear communication. These two words often seem interchangeable, but they have subtle differences in usage, formality, and meaning. You’ll learn everything you need to know about “Might vs May”—including English grammar rules, real-life examples, a quick comparison table, and exercises to test your skills.
Might vs May: Quick Summary Table
Let’s start with a side-by-side comparison to help you instantly grasp the key differences:
| Feature | May | Might |
|---|---|---|
| Function | Modal verb | Modal verb |
| Certainty Level | Higher certainty | Lower certainty |
| Use in Permission | Yes (e.g., May I go?) | Rarely used |
| Formality | More formal | Less formal |
| Hypothetical Use | Less common | Common (e.g., If I had time, I might go) |
| Tense Usage | Present/Future possibilities | Often used in past or hypothetical contexts |
| Examples | It may snow today. | She might come later. |
This table acts as your grammar cheat sheet for distinguishing between “may” and “might” at a glance.
What Is “May”?
“May” is a modal verb that expresses possibility or permission. It is commonly used in formal or polite contexts and generally indicates a higher degree of certainty than “might.”
When and How to Use “May”:
- To Express Possibility:
- Example: It may rain this evening.
- Meaning: There’s a reasonable chance of rain.
- To Ask or Give Permission:
- Example: May I use your phone?
- Meaning: Asking in a polite and formal way.
- To Maintain Formality or Respect:
- Example: Employees may not enter this area.
- More polite and respectful than using “can” or “might.”
Historical/Formal Tone:
“May” has roots in Old English and is still widely used in academic, legal, or professional settings. It sounds more polite and respectful than alternatives.
What Is “Might”?
“Might” is also a modal verb used to express less certainty than “may.” It’s ideal for hypothetical or unreal situations, and often appears in past-tense or imagined contexts.
When and How to Use “Might”:
1. To Show Lower Possibility:
- Example: He might be at home.
- Meaning: There’s a small chance he’s home.
2. To Discuss Hypothetical or Unreal Scenarios:
- Example: If I won the lottery, I might buy a yacht.
- Meaning: Imaginary or unlikely situation.
3. Less Formal Situations:
- Example: I might go to the concert, but I’m not sure.
- Sounds more relaxed than “may.”
Difference Between Might and May
Let’s break down the key distinctions more deeply.
1. Certainty vs. Uncertainty
- May suggests a real possibility:
It may snow tomorrow (60–70% chance). - Might expresses a weaker chance:
It might snow tomorrow (30–40% chance).
2. Real vs. Hypothetical Situations
- May is used for real potential situations.
You may receive a bonus this month. - Might is used for imagined or conditional situations.
If sales were better, you might receive a bonus.
3. Formality
- May is more polite and formal.
May I speak with the manager? - Might is more informal and conversational.
I might head out early today.
4. Tense & Time Context
- May is commonly used in present/future.
She may join us tonight. - Might can refer to the past or unreal outcomes.
She might have joined us if she felt better.
Examples of Might and May in Sentences
To solidify your understanding, here are clear examples from different contexts:
Real-Life Conversations
- May: I may visit my parents this weekend.
- Might: I might cook dinner if I’m not too tired.
Business or Formal Settings
- May: Clients may request a refund within 30 days.
- Might: The company might expand into Europe next year.
Hypothetical or Conditional
- May: She may attend if she gets time off work.
- Might: If she had more time, she might attend the event.
Common Mistakes Learners Make
Avoid these frequent grammar errors when choosing between “might” and “may”:
1. Using “might” to Ask for Permission:
❌ Might I go to the restroom?
✅ May I go to the restroom? (more appropriate)
2. Mixing Certainty Levels:
❌ It may have happened, but I’m not sure.
✅ It might have happened, but I’m not sure.
3. Overusing One Modal in All Situations:
- Avoid always using “may” or “might.” Choose based on certainty, tone, and context.
Exercise of the Might and May
Test your knowledge with this short quiz:
Fill in the blanks (Choose “might” or “may”):
- You ___ leave early if your work is finished.
- If I had known, I ___ have helped you.
- She ___ not like the idea of moving abroad.
- ___ I ask a question?
- He ___ come to the party—he’s not sure yet.
- We ___ need more time to finish the project.
- I ___ call you later if I’m free.
- They ___ have forgotten the meeting.
- ___ I use your laptop for a moment?
- He said he ___ visit next week.
Answer Key:
- may
- might
- may
- may
- might
- may
- might
- might
- may
- might
Don’t miss reading the related topics: Can vs Be Able To
Difference between Shall and Should
When Can You Use Either One?
There are instances where “might” and “may” are interchangeable without changing the meaning:
- She may come later.
- She might come later.
Both indicate a possibility, but “may” sounds more certain and formal.
Use tip: When in doubt, ask yourself: How certain am I? How formal is the situation?
Might vs May in British vs American English
British English:
- Slightly more traditional in using “may” for permission.
- Formal writing (legal, academic) often prefers “may.”
American English:
- Tends to favor “might” in everyday speech.
- “May” is more common in legal contexts or formal requests.
Examples:
- UK: You may submit your application before Friday.
- US: He might have already submitted the form.
Last Word
Choosing between might and may doesn’t have to be confusing. Here’s a quick recap:
- Use “may” when you’re more certain or want to sound polite and formal.
- Use “might” for less likely situations or to describe hypothetical events.
- Both are modal verbs used to express possibility, but they differ in tone, formality, and context.
Mastering modal verbs like “might” vs “may” will make your English more accurate and natural.
Which one do you use more—might or may? Let us know in the comments below!
FAQ Section
Is “might” more polite than “may”?
No. “May” is generally more polite and formal, especially when asking for permission.
Can I use “might” for permission?
Not usually. “May” is the correct choice for polite permission requests.
Is “might” the past tense of “may”?
Technically, “might” is the past form of “may,” but in modern usage, they both serve as modal verbs to express possibility in present or future contexts.
Are “might” and “may” interchangeable in all contexts?
Not always. While they can overlap in meaning, they differ in tone, certainty, and usage (especially for permission or hypothetical scenarios).